Emergent embolization of the gastroduodenal artery in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The experience from a surgeon-initiated interventional program

Abstract Background Intractable nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endovascular therapy is an alternative to surgery for high-risk patients. Materials and methods Review of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent emergent gastroduodenal artery embolization for UGIB. Results Eight patients (mean age 68.5 years) were identified. They all had significant comorbidities and were deemed to be at high risk for surgical intervention. Endoscopy was performed in 7 patients. Active extravasation was present at the time of embolization in 5 (62.5%) patients. The technical success and clinical response rates were each 100%. The 30-day mortality rate was 8%. There were no procedure-related complications. During mean follow-up of 9 months, 1 patient developed recurrent bleeding that was managed conservatively. Comments Endovascular embolization is a safe alternative to open surgical intervention after failed endoscopic treatment for UGIB. Surgeons with endovascular skills can perform this procedure with superior results.