Early Detection in the Age of Information Technology

Large population trials have demonstrated the efficacy of screening for reducing incidence and mortality for breast, colorectal, cervical, and lung cancers. The challenge of screening is that it is not simply a test, but a complex process that requires coordination and communication between patients, providers, and institutions. While information technology (IT) offers many conceptually appealing solutions to the challenge of coordinating care, it is in many cases easier to conceive of electronic solutions than implement them. Despite the many challenges that exist in early detection and the use of IT, organizations are finding novel approaches to overcoming IT challenges that may have implications for future use. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of the four cancers for which screening is recommended, the process of cancer screening, examples of novel applications of IT to support the process, and raises questions and opportunities to consider new IT applications in the future.