The Biochemical Reactions of Certain Species and Bioserotypes of Salmonella

used in addition to those normally employed in many laboratories. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of biochemical tests that are of particular value for differentiation of several such species and bioserotypes. Numerous publications on the biochemical reactions given by salmonellae have appeared since the isolation by Salmon and Smith [1, p. 187246] of the microorganism now recognized as the type species of the genus, i.e., Salmonella choleraesuis (Smith) Weldin. The early work on this subject was reviewed by Winslow et al. [2], and some of the more recent publications, including most of those of Kauffmann, were cited by Ewing and Ball1 and by Martin et al. [3], For the purposes of this paper, reference should be made to the work of Kauffmann [4]. However, it should be noted that many of the substrates presently employed for differentiation of certain bioserotypes of Salmonella were introduced very early. For example, Ford, in 1905 (cited by Winslow et al. [2]) used rhamnose, mannitol, dulcitol, arabinose, and xylose. Inositol also was used very early, and the value of trehalose in differentiation of S. cholerae-suis was demonstrated by Koser in 1921 (cited by Bruner and Edwards [5, p. 289-303]).