Emergy based sustainability evaluation for Shandong province, China

With the development of urbanization, urban system has become the center of human habitation, business activities and economic growth in the world. With the influx of daring population into the city, human activities in the city will become more frequent, and the problems of environmental pollution and resource depletion will affect the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, this paper uses emergy theory of eco economic system to analyze the sustainability of urban metabolic process in Shandong province from 2008 to 2018. The results show that the total energy consumption of Shandong Province is gradually increasing from 1.85×1024 sej in 2008 to 3.48×1024 sej in 2018. However, the emergy sustainability indices show that the sustainability of Shandong province is gradually decreasing. This is mainly because the development of Shandong province depends on the development of local resources, which makes the economic development of the cities cause greater pressure on the natural environment.