A Novel Routing Protocol (M-Gear) Using Gateway Based Energy-Efficient Scheme For Wireless Sensor Networks (Wsns).

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have come out as research areas with an over enormous effect on practical application developments. They permit fine grain observation of the surrounding environment at an economical cost much lower than at presently possible. In an unfavorable environments where human participation may be too dangerous then sensor networks may provide an effective service. Sensor networks are designed to transmit data from an arrangement of sensor nodes to a data warehouse on a server. The advances in the addition of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), microprocessor and wireless communication technology have an enabled the deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks. WSNs has potential to design many new applications for handling emergency, military and disaster relief operations that requires real time qualified information for an efficient coordination and planning. Sensors are devices that produce a quantifiable response to change in a physical condition like temperature, humidity, weather forecasting and pressure etc. WSNs may consist of many different types of sensors such as temperature, seismic, magnetic, thermal, visual, infrared, humidity, acoustic, and radar capable to monitor a wide variety of surrounding conditions. Though each individual sensor may have severe resource limitation in terms of energy, memory, communication and computation capabilities; large number of them may collectively monitor the physical world, circulate information leading critical environmental events and process the information on the fly. The issues of network lifetime and data availability are particularly important in WSNs due to their exploitation in inimical environment. The system should provide fault tolerant energy efficient real-time communication as well as automatic and effective action in emergency situations. A typical sensor network operates in five phases which are as: Planning phase, Deployment phase, Post-deployment phase, Operation phase and Post-operation phase.