Optimized positioning of IDU at active medium and high voltage distribution networks using DPSO algorithm

In active distribution network (ADN), intelligent distribution unit (IDU) can monitor and measure the system accurately. IDU forms the hybrid measurement system with remote terminal unit (RTU) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). It is significant to improve the accuracy of state estimation. This paper proposed a method to optimally place IDU at HV and MV distribution in order to improve the estimation of the grid state and ensure the efficiency of the system. First, all elements of Jacobian matrix became constant based on the P-Q decomposition method. The multi-objective function was the minimal the error of state estimation error and the cost associated to the IDU, using AHP to determine the weight coefficients. Then discrete optimization swarm optimization (DPSO) was proposed to solve the optimal problem. Tests performed on IEEE 34-bus system, the results illustrated that the algorithm can get the best installation number and optimal placement of IDU according to application scenario requirements. The optimal scheme could effectively reduce the error of state estimation in hybrid measurement system.