Kinematic analysis of punt kick in football goalkeepers based on the level of kick effort

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the dierences in punt kicks by football goalkeepers based on the level of eort required. Twelve experienced goalkeepers participated in the study. �e participants were instructed to kick the ball as far as possible in the maximum distance trial (100% trial) and to have a more controlled approach for the 80% and 60% trials. Each punt kick was divided into three events: release of the ball from the lehand (BR), pivot foot ground-contact (LFC), and ball impact (IMP). Right lower limb joint veloci- ty, right hip and knee joint angles, �ight distance, ball velocity, and kick angle were calculated. �e 80% and 100% trials yielded almost the same velocity for each part of the right leg; however, in the 60% trial, the level of kicking eort was managed by adjusting the velocity of the right ankle joint, starting from BR, in addition to adjustment of the velocity of the right knee joint at LFC. Compared to punt kicks with a lower level of eort, the punt kicks with a higher level of eort involved an increase in the hip joint extension angle for the right leg during the backswing and the lowering of the knee joint angle of the right leg at the start of the forward swing, thus producing forward swing velocity for the right foot.