Antioxidant and gastroprotective actions of butanol fraction of Zingiber officinale against diclofenac sodium‐induced gastric damage in rats

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antiulcer activities of flavonoid-rich fractions of Zingiber officinale extract. The fractions, obtained by solvents of increasing polarities, were subjected to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The fraction which possessed the highest antioxidant activity was used to assess gastroprotective action against diclofenac sodium induced gastric ulcer in rats. Chromatographic profiling was carried out using LC-ESI-MS analysis. The butanol fraction (BF) showed the strongest antioxidant potential and the results of the in vivo study revealed that BF at 100 mg/kg protected against gastric lesions. At the same dose, BF prevented diclofenac sodium-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and depletion of catalase (CAT) activity as well as glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents. LC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of 12 phenolic compounds. BF exerted antiulcer action which could be linked to the presence of phenolic compounds. Practical applications Zingiber officinale has been widely consumed as a spice and used in folk medicine for treatment of gastric disorders. This is the first report evaluating the pharmacological effects of the butanol extract of ginger for the prevention of gastric ulcer. The results showed that the extract affords better gastroprotective activity against diclofenac sodium-induced gastric ulcer in rats by reducing oxidative stress. Information provided in this study will be beneficial for developing applications of ginger in food biotechnology as functional and nutraceutical ingredient.