Parallel comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Abstract We introduce an information rich analytical approach called parallel comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (2GC × 2GC). This parallel chromatography approach splits injected samples into two independent two-dimensional column ensembles and provides two GC × GC separations by using contra-directional thermal modulation. The first-dimension ( 1 D) and second-dimension ( 2 D) columns are connected using planar three-port microchannel devices, which are supplied with supplementary flow via two pressure controller modules. Precise carrier gas flow control at the junction of the 1 D and 2 D columns permits independent control of flow conditions in each separation column. The 2GC × 2GC approach provides two entirely independent GC × GC separations for each injection. Analysis of hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils is used to demonstrate the capability of the approach. The analytical performance of each GC × GC separation in the 2GC × 2GC experiment is comparable to individual GC × GC separation with matching column configurations. The peak capacity of 2GC × 2GC is about 2 times than that of single GC × GC system. The dual 2D chromatograms produced by this single detector system provide complementary separations and additional identification information by harnessing different selectivity provided by the four separation columns.