Dietary diversity and determinants among left-behind children in rural area

Objective To evaluate the status of dietary diversity and determinants among school-age left-behind children. Methods A total of 501 children aged 9-10 years in Sheyang Mini Cohort Study were enrolled from Sheyang City in Jiangsu Province during 2019. A questionnaires survey was administrated to collect left-behind and socioeconomic information. Twenty-four hour dietary recall survey was conducted, dietary diversity score (DDS 10 and DDS) and food variety score (FVS) were computed according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Weight and height of children were measured and sex-and age-standardized body mass index was used to define obesity. Multivariable regression models were preformed to explore the determinants of dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children. Results The proportion of left-behind children was 40.9%. The mean value and standard deviation of three kinds of dietary diversity score (DDS 10, DDS, FVS) in left-behind children were (5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44) and (13.48± 4.23), respectively. All of these were lower than that in non-left-behind children (DDS 10: 5.99±1.29; DDS: 6.79±1.40; FVS: 14.15 ±4.22). Significant difference in DDS 10 between left-behind and non-left-behind children was observed ( P = 0.01). The results of multivariable regression demonstrated that gender, passive smoking, family education level and family economic status were related to dietary diversity scores ( P<0.05). Conclusion Dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children was not optimistic and gender, passive smoking, parental education level, family economic status and left-behind situation play a critical role in dietary diversity among these children. 【摘要】 目的 评价学龄期留守儿童的膳食多样化得分及其影响因素, 为指导留守儿童合理膳食提供参考依据。 方法 2019年8月对2009年在江苏射阳建立的儿童出生队列中501名9~10岁儿童进行调査, 问卷询问儿童留守情况与其他基 本信息, 24 h膳食回顾法收集膳食资料。根据联合国粮食与农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)的标准计算 膳食多样化得分(dietary diversity score, DDS 10和DDS)和食物多样性得分(food variety score, FVS);测量儿童的体格发育指 标并评估肥胖情况, 应用多变量回归分析留守情况与膳食多样化得分关系及影响因素。 结果 留守儿童的比例为40.9%, 3 种膳食多样化得分(DDS 10、DDS、FVS)分别为(5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44) (13.48±4.23)分, 均低于非留守儿童(5.99±1.29, 6.79±1.40, 14.15±4.22)分, 留守儿童与非留守儿童的DDS 10评分差异有统计学意义( P = 0.01)。广义线性模型回归结果显 示, 性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平、家庭年收入、留守情况与膳食多样化得分相关均有统计学意义( P值均<0.05)。 结论 留守儿童的膳食多样化程度较低, 膳食多样化与儿童性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平和家庭年收入等有关。应注重留守儿 童膳食多样化, 改善儿童饮食。