Técnicas inmunohistoquímicas aplicadas al diagnóstico de tumores en medicina veterinaria

El uso de las tecnicas inmunohistoquimicas (IHQ) en material incluido rutinariamente ha experi­mentado un auge extraordinario durante la ultima decada, especialmente en la oncologia humana de­bido, sobre todo, a la mayor capacidad de amplifica­cion antigenica de dichas tecnicas, y al desarrollo de anticuerpos policlonales y monoclonales frente a diversos antigenos tumorales. La presente revision pretende resumir estos avances, asi como la aplica­cion que estas tecnicas estan teniendo en la patolo­gia tumoral de los animales domesticos. Varios autores han comprobado una alta reactivi­dad cruzada entre las proteinas de las distintas espe­cies domesticas y las del hombre, asi como la apli­cabilidad de estas tecnicas en Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria, ya que permiten diferenciar los tumores por estirpe (filamentos intermedios, sinaptofisina) o tipo celular (antigenos endoteliales, histiocitarios, proteina S-100, antigeno Carcinoembrionario, alfa­fetoproteina). El presente articulo general es una revision de los marcadores tumorales tisulares que han demostrado ser mas utiles en la oncologia diagnostica. Palabras claves: tumores, neoplasias, inmunohistoquimica, marcadores tumorales. Abstract The use of immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques in routinely processed tissue samples has greatly increased during the last decade, particularly in human oncology, due to both the higher capacity of newer IHC techniques to amplify lower antigenic signals and the development of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to several tumor-associated as well as the aplications of these IHC techniques to tumor pathology in domestic animals. Severa/ authors have confirmed the high cross–reactivity between human and animal proteins which serve as tumor markers, and also the feasibility of use of IHC technigues in Veterinary Pathology, as they allow the differentiation of tumors by cellullar origin (intermediate filaments, synaptophysin) or cell type (endothelial, and histiocytic antigens, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein). The present work represents a revision of those tumor tissue markers which have been shown to be most useful in diagnostic oncology. Key words : tumors, neoplasic, immunohistochemistry, tumor markers.