Soviet research on intense-relativistic-electron-beam microwave sources

Soviet high-power microwave research has been summarized and updated. It includes: (1) backward-wave-oscillators (BWOs) at X-band and K-band in circuits with the diameter much larger than the wavelength (results include generation of a 15-GW, 60-ns pulse of X-band radiation with 50% efficiency); (2) repetitively-pulsed backward-wave oscillators and magnetrons, compact packaging of these sources, and their possible applications; and (3) gyrocon amplifiers and frequency doublers for driving linear supercolliders (results include demonstration of a 60-dB amplifier with an output frequency of 7 GHz and an output power of 60 MW in 700-ns pulses). >