Marmarou-type Impact Tests to Investigate Criteria for Avoiding Bruises in Extremities by Human-Robot Contact*

To obtain data for investigating the criteria for avoiding bruising caused by blunt impact in human-robot interactions, a Marmarou-type impact tester is introduced into experiments involving porcine extremities. The mechanical input data, i.e., the total transferred energy per unit area, and the peak mean contact pressure with and without internal bleeding, are measured. In our previous study, experiments at lower mechanical inputs required for defining the criteria could not be performed; however, this problem is solved using the Marmarou-type impact tester in this study.