Flash evaporation of ferroelectric thin films

Abstract Ferroelectric thin films of barium titanate have been grown by flash evaporation, with thickness down to 200 A, and with switchable polarisation values about 20% of the bulk crystal value. The films are grown on a NaF substrate, which may be subsequently removed by solution in water. They are polycrystalline, with grain sizes in some cases up to 1 μm, and with excellent alignment. Seven growth factors have been investigated. Another paper describes the electrical properties of these films.