Laundry Detergents, 3. Production, Testing and Economic Aspects

The article contains sections titled: 1. Production of Powder Detergents 1.1. Technology Overview 1.2. Manufacturing Processes 1.2.1. Traditional Spray-Drying Process 1.2.2. Superheated Steam Drying 1.2.3. Nontower Agglomeration Process 1.2.4. Nontower Compound Technology 1.3. Densification Processes 1.3.1. Dry Densification in a Mixer 1.3.2. Dry Densification in a Spheronizer 1.3.3. Dry Densification in a Roller Press 1.3.4. Wet Granulation 1.3.5. Spaghetti Extrusion 1.3.6. Postaddition Process 1.3.7. Dry Densification in a Tablet Press 1.4. Raw Materials 1.4.1. Anionic Surfactants 1.4.2. Nonionic Surfactants 1.4.3. Builders 1.4.4. Peroxygen Bleaches 1.4.5. Enzymes 2. Analysis of the Composition 2.1. Detergent Ingredients: 2.2. Purposes of Detergent Analysis: 2.3. Sample Preparation: 2.4. Analytical Methods 2.4.1. Qualitative Analysis 2.4.2. Sample Preparation 2.4.3. Quantitative Analysis 2.4.4. Separation Methods: 2.4.5. Structure Determination 2.4.6. Determination of Characteristic Values 2.4.7. Analysis Automation: 2.5. Sources of Information: 3. Test Methods for Laundry Detergents 3.1. Laboratory Methods 3.2. Practical Evaluation 3.3. Consumer Tests 4. Economic Aspects 4.1. Detergent Components 4.1.1. Surfactants 4.1.2. Builders 4.2. Laundry Detergents 4.3. Fabric Softeners 4.4. Other Laundry Aids