Dengue encephalitis in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient

An altered mental state with or without neurologic signs have become more frequent in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).1 The neurologic problems are different according to the stage of transplant. In the pre-engraftment period, the occurrence is associated with toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy, bacterial infections, intracranial bleeding and other drug-related neurotoxicity. During the late post-transplant phase, with the use of immunosuppressive drugs and the occurrence of GvHD, the following neurologic complications can occur: central nervous system (CNS) infections, cerebrovascular disease, metabolic encephalopathy, calcineurin inhibitor neurotoxicity with thrombotic microangiopathy or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and immune-mediate disorders.