Active surveillance with telemedicine in patients on anticoagulants during the national lockdown (COVID-19 phase) and comparison with pre-COVID-19 phase

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought restriction to the movement of people due to the implementation of lockdown across various regions around the world In India, most of the patients belong to rural areas and hence were unable to come for a follow-up visit Hence, we reached out to patients on oral anticoagulation using telemedicine with aim of communicating with the patient concerning drug compliance, titration of dose of anticoagulation, health education, and identification of high-risk patients needing referral to the nearest health facility/our institute This study was conducted at the Hero DMC heart institute (a tertiary care center for cardiac diseases) The study design is cross-sectional and involves a comparison of the pre-COVID-19 phase with the COVID-19 phase We asked a five-component (Likert scale) questionnaire from patients for satisfaction after the consult All symptoms, need for hospitalization and clinical events were recorded The events were compared in both groups RESULTS: We contacted 628 patients through telemedicine and 600 patients gave consent for participation in the study For comparison, we analyzed data of 614 patients in the pre-COVID-19 phase The mean age during the pre-COVID-19 phase was 55 27 + 17 09 years and the COVID-19 phase was 56 97 + 15 09 years with males more than females in both groups There was no significant difference in the number of patients on oral anticoagulants and novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) However, there were higher number of  patients on antiplatelets in the pre-COVID phase (p value0 01) 37% in the pre-COVID-19 phase and 40 31 % in the COVID-19 phase were noted to have out of target range INR (International normalized ratio) There was no difference in the number of bleeding or thromboembolic events seen Patient response as assessed by a questionnaire (Likert scale) showed that >75% of patients were satisfied CONCLUSION: Through telemedicine, we were able to approach our patients on oral anticoagulation and achieved titration of anti-coagulation, and health education similar to pre-COVID-19 times During pandemics, telemedicine offers a promising option for patient management with chronic cardiac conditions It also provides us an opportunity for the management of patients on oral anticoagulation involving titration of drug dosages (anti-coagulation), identification of high-risk patients, and health education