Prospective analysis of the predictors of glaucoma following surgery for congenital and infantile cataract

A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for the development of glaucoma following surgery for congenital/infantile cataract. One hundred and one eyes of one hundred and one children, ≤12 years of age who had follow-up of ≥24 months were included. Group I included those who underwent surgery using an anterior approach, group II included those who underwent surgery using a posterior approach, and group III included those who underwent surgery using an anterior approach along with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Standard definitions for glaucoma and glaucoma suspect were used. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze risk factors for glaucoma. Group I: 30 eyes (29.7%); group II: 11 eyes (10.9%); group III 60 eyes (59.4%). The incidence of glaucoma + glaucoma suspect was 7.9% (95% CL: 2.6, 13.2%) in the entire group. The incidence in group I was 16.7% (95% CL 3%, 30%), in group II was 18.2% (95% CL: 0, 41%) and in group III was 1.7% (95% CL: 0, 4.9%). Gonioscopy revealed high iris insertion with grade I (modified Shaffer grading) in one eye each in the glaucoma and glaucoma suspect group and open angles in the rest. Age at surgery of ≤3 months (HR: 6.6, 95% CL: 1.4, 30.6, p = 0.01) was found to be a significant risk factor within the aphakic group. Younger age at the time of surgery was the only identifiable risk factor for glaucoma.