Green synthesis of amorphous calcium phosphate nanopowders using Aloe Vera plant extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities

Considering the existing various sources that can supply the nano-biomaterials that are related to the Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) family, Aloe Vera plant has been selected and utilized for the successful fabrication of (ACP) in this work. Synthetic Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) has proved to be applicable in certain applications, such as the reconstruction of damaged bone or tooth zones, due to containing outstanding biocompatibility and bioactivity qualities. The synthesis of nanoparticles via Aloe Vera extract has been distinguished through the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). The zeta potential has been observed to be −28.7 mV, which is indicative of their particle desorption and stability. In addition, the XRD results have confirmed that the characterized peaks had been indexed as ACP structure, while FTIR spectroscopies have been applied to determine the optical features of the calcined powders. According to the outcomes of FESEM procedure, the studied powder has contained a satisfying crystalline grade and due to being spherically shaped, it can be assumed that they are able to easily penetrate into organisms and pass through the cell membranes. In addition, the cytotoxicity evaluation of ACP nanoparticles, which had been performed by the usage of KB (oral squamous cell carcinoma) cell lines, has interestingly exhibited their superior cell viability. The gathered data on the improved antibacterial and biocompatibility features of these nanoparticles can lead to the evolution of antibacterial agents for fabricating next-generation self-sterile textiles, antibacterial coatings, and useful health care products supporting cell viability.