The national-scale cohort study on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in Taiwan

Abstract Objectives Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a potential side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. This Taiwanese national-scale cohort study aimed to investigate its incidence and risk of development by using a qualified control group with different demographic factors (age/gender), dental (tooth extraction/periodontal therapy) and medical (jaw radiotherapy) treatments, delivery routes (oral/intravenous), and diseases (diabetes/osteoporosis/cancer). Methods Data ( n  = 958,136) from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2008 were sourced from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 of Taiwan. Cases of BRONJ were identified by three criteria modified from the definition proposed by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model and Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to analyse the results. Results The incidence densities of ONJ in the unexposed and bisphosphonate-exposed cohorts were estimated as 4.4 and 73.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively (relative risk = 16.8; 95% CI = 6.0–37.5; P Conclusions These results not only demonstrate the incidence and relative risk of bisphosphonate-related ONJ in Taiwan but also indicate that tooth extraction and oral cancer may have a major impact on its development. Clinical significance Physicians should be aware of individual patient risk factors before prescribing bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonate treatment is justified in the amelioration of life-threatening conditions in patients in whom ONJ would only affect quality of life.