Polyphenol composition of Australian apple varieties: Effect of variety and harvest year

s / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (2014) 1e55 46 Methods: A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Embase. Clinical, in vitro and animal studies both within the chemotherapy context and in other relevant fields were included. Results: Our literature search identified twenty-two studies that had investigated ginger for properties relevant to CINV. The results of these studies suggest that ginger may interact with several pathways that are directly implicated in CINV including 5-HT3 and substance P receptor antagonism, and modulation of cellular redox. In addition, while not directly involved in the generation of CINV, ginger was found to act on multiple pathways that may exacerbate symptoms. These properties include anti-inflammatory properties; and the modulation of vasopressin release, gastrointestinal motility, and gastric emptying rate. Conclusions: The evidence presented in this review indicates that ginger possesses multiple properties that could be beneficial in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. However, due to existing limitations within the literature, further studies are required before firm recommendations regarding its usage in the oncology setting can be made. Funding source(s): N/A. POLYPHENOL COMPOSITION OF AUSTRALIAN APPLE VARIETIES: EFFECT OF VARIETY AND HARVEST YEAR C.P. Bondonno , K.D. Croft , M.J. Considine , I.B. Puddey , E. Swinney , S.R. Jacob , K. Lacey , A. Muburak , J.M. Hodgson . 1 School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Australia; 2 School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia; Department of Agriculture and Food WA, Australia; Chemistry Centre, Perth, WA, Australia; 5 Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia E-mail: catherine.bondonno@uwa.edu.au (C.P. Bondonno) Background/Aims: Polyphenols have been highlighted as a potential candidate for reduction in risk of chronic disease observed with a diet high in fruit and vegetables. Apples, rich in polyphenols and widely consumed, are a major contributor to total polyphenol intake. Breeding and selecting for high polyphenol apples, therefore, could translate into a natural and low cost method of improving population health. The aim of this studywas to examine the genetic and seasonal variation of four polyphenols with potential health benefits in Australian apple identities. Methods: Total quercetin glycosides, (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and phloridzin levels were quantified by HPLC in skin and flesh of 21 Australian apple identities (nine breeding accessions; 12 commercial varieties) harvested between December 2011 and February 2012. These polyphenols were again assessed in a subset of seven Australian apple identities harvested between December 2012 and February 2013. Results: Quercetin glycosides (mean, 8.8 mg/100g fresh weight; range, 0.9 15.5mg/100 g) were the predominant polyphenol andwere concentrated in the skin. Chlorogenic acid (mean, 3.1 mg/100 g fresh weight; range, 010.5 mg/100 g) was found predominantly in the flesh. (-)-epicatechin (mean, 2.1 mg/100 g fresh weight; range, 0.3-8 mg/100 g) and phloridzin (mean, 0.5 mg/100 g fresh weight; range, 0.2-1.4 mg/100 g) also concentrated in the skin were found at lower concentrations. Polyphenol content and concentration decreased in 2013 compared to 2012. Conclusions: Several apple varieties (with skin) had very high polyphenol content. There was, however, large genetic influence on polyphenol content, while seasonal variation was less marked. Funding source(s): ARC and Australian National Apple Breeding Program. EFFECTS OF CEREAL SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRES ON LIPOLYSIS OF PNITROPHENOL LAURATE, A MODEL LIPID H. Zhai , P. Gunness , M.J. Gidley . Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, QLD,