Understanding the (paleo)soils: From paleoenvironmental reconstruction to the role of iron oxides and organic matter on the formation of the surface physicochemical and the aggregation processes
2018
A multi-proxy analytical approach (MPAA) in the investigation of (palaeo)soils that involves a
detailed analysis of soil micromorphology, soil physics and chemistry, geochemistry, and bulk and clay
mineralogy is crucial for the determination of the palaeoenvironment in which they were formed. The
determination of the soil mineral composition and their surface properties that control the formation of soils
by aggregation processes is necessary to understand their response to environmental changes (BRONICK &
LAL, 2005). Soil aggregation is a complex process, which involves rearrangement of submicron- and micronsized
mineral particles into larger clusters by mutual physico-chemical and biological interactions between the
mineral surfaces, various organic and inorganic compounds and microorganisms (SIX et al., 2004). Humic
compounds are omnipresent in soils and they designate the most important compounds covering the surfaces
of the minerals, particularly iron oxides and clay mineral particles (BALDOCK & BROOS, 2012). This
lecture aims to demonstrate the significance of MPAA in three different cases, from profile description and
palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, to the role of iron oxides and soil organic matter on the formation of the
surface physicochemical properties and the aggregation processes. It is based on our previous (DURN et al.,
2015; DURN et al., 2017) and current research within the NanoMin project (grant 2504, Croatian Science
Foundation).
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