Analysis and implications of challenges in achieving the targets of EU RES-E directive.

Abstract The Member States of the European Union are on the way to fulfill targets for renewable electricity use set in 2001. In this paper, the implementation of directives concerning renewable electricity is assessed on EU level and in three example countries: Finland, Germany and the Netherlands. Conclusions are drawn regarding policy measures and barriers hindering the exploitation of renewable energy, with a special focus on bioenergy and biomass. Furthermore, in the light of the above-mentioned analysis, the role of bioenergy in the national efforts of reaching the targets for renewable energy use in 2020, as set in the directive 2009/28/EC, is discussed.