Travelling guide device and method for building wall construction robot

The invention discloses a travelling guide device and method for a building wall construction robot. Crawler belt travelling devices are arranged on the two sides of the building wall construction robot, each crawler belt travelling device is connected with a motor, a chassis supported by the crawler belt travelling devices is provided with photoelectric switch combinations, the photoelectric switch combinations are connected with a controller, the controller is connected with drivers, and the drivers drive the motors to work. A horizontal and vertical laser transmitter is arranged in front of or behind the building wall construction robot during travelling. The laser transmitter is placed in a construction area and generates a horizontal laser plane and a vertical laser plane, the photoelectric switch combinations are installed on the two sides of the robot and detect position signals generated during travelling, the controller controls the travelling motors on the two sides of the robot through the drivers, and it is guaranteed that the robot travels according to a guide laser plane and is precisely positioned; the structure is simple, the travelling and positioning process is completely guided linearly, and the travelling speed and positioning efficiency are high.