Sunscreen activity on fruit skin extract of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in vitro

Background/Objectives: Indonesia is one of the countries that are included in the high category of sun exposure. This fact can have one of the fatal consequences on the skin which can be addressed by the usage of sunscreen. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as sunscreen is the skin of the annatto fruit. Methods/Statistical analysis: The sample was extracted using 95% ethanol by the maceration method. Phytochemical screening is carried out on phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the spectrophotometer method. The sunscreen potential is determined based on the calculation of the percent of Erythema Transmission (% Te) and the percent of Transmission Pigmentation (% Tp) measured at a wavelength of 292.5 - 372.5nm. Measurement of the value of sunscreen uses the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 290 - 400 nm to determine % Tp, % Te, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. Findings/novelty/applications: The fruit skin extract of annatto contains phenolic, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids compounds. The total phenolic content was 193.05  1.22 mg GAE / g extract, and total flavonoids amounting to 138.03  2.24 mg QE / g extract. From the research results, it was obtained that the value of% Tp,% Te was produced with a concentration of 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, 1000 ppm respectively for the value (% Te;% Tp) of (18.56%; 45, 25 %) Fast Tanning category, (3.81%; 19.80%) standard suntan category, (1.20%; 10.08%) Ultra-Protection category, (0.30%; 1.64%) sunblock category, (0.09%; 1.42%) sunblock category. Furthermore, for the results of the SPF value in a row is 4.52 (moderate); 8.41 (maximum); 13.10 (maximum); 16.21 (ultra); and 21.12 (ultra). Keywords: Fruit skin of annatto; extract; phenolic; flavonoids; sunscreen