The effect of Pegagan ethanolic extract (Centella asiatica L) self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDs) in the development of Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)

INTRODUCTION PegaganThe pegagan is a traditional medicinal plant with the three major bioactive properties, triterpenoid, steroids, and saponin. It has the properties of antioxidant, anti-stress, and wound healing. Pegagan extract is prepared was made in Self-Nano emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) to overcome the problem of pegagan extract which has a low water-solubility level on water. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observed the effect of pegagan ethanolic extract SNEDDS in the development of zebrafish embryos (toxicity and teratogenicity are the term for Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) as outlined by OECD). METHOD This study used 12 sets of zebrafish embryos which will be presented by five sets of extract SNEDDS extracts with different concentrations, i.e. 20μg, 10μg, 5μg, 2.5μg, and 1.25μg, five sets of SNEDDS without extract with different concentrations, i.e. 20μg, 10μg, 5μg, 2.5μg, and 1.25μg, a set of positive controls ((3.4-DCA 4mg / L) with one control set (diluted withdilution water), and a negative control (SNEDDS without extract). The procedure was conducted for 96 hours with observations every 24 hours. The parameters observed were embryonic coagulation, formation of somites, detachment of the tail-bud form part of the yolk, and pulse abnormality of embryo RESULTS The results showed that in 96 hours the 20 ppm concentration caused 100% highest mortality. Embryo abnormality that appeared as coagulation of embryo, somite malformation, and tail abnormal tail. DISCUSSION There is a correlation between concentration of SNEDDS and the incidence of embryo coagulation. The malformation in the group of PES is characterized by cardiac edema, somite malformation, and abnormal tail. CONCLUSION PES 20 ppm can affect the development of zebrafish embryos.