Anthelmintic-resistant in the EU Nematodes

288 Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil), functional (LourenGo Gallo Jr, Hospital das Clinicas, Univer- sidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and physiopathologi- cal (Luis F. Junqueira, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil) aspects of the import- ance of the autonomic nervous system in chagasic cardiopathy. Even if variable degrees of denervation occur in the heart, evidence that these are respon- sible for the outcome of chagasic car- diopathy is still not clear, and further research is needed. The use of ganglio- sides for treatment of autonomic lesions of the heart was also discussed (Daniel loss, Centro Privado de Medicina, Cor- doba, Argentina). Results of first trials are promising, but should be confirmed by additional controlled studies in other centres. Other Issues A course on molecular biology for clinicians was conducted by Bianca Zingales (Instituto de Quimica, Univer- sidade de S?io Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The involvement of cytokines (mainly interferon-y) (Joao S. Silva, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Univer- sidade de 90 Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil) in the protection of resistant animals, and the importance of natural killer cells as generators of these cytokines was stressed. Preliminary results with human macrophages are confirming these experimental data. The use of recombinant antigens for the diagnosis of Chagas disease (Jose F. da Silveira, Escola Paul&a de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil) was also a subject of much interest. What to do about the chagasic blood donor, was considered by Vicente Amato Neto (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and different surgical techniques for dealing with megaesoph- agus and megacolon were discussed. The value of electrophysiology to handle cardiac-rhythm alterations was stressed by Sergio G. Rassi (Faculdade de Medi- cina, Universidade Federal de Go&, Goiania, Brazil) and indications for pace- maker implant in cardiac disease were covered in a ‘ round table’ conducted by Anis Rassi (Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goids, Goiania, Brazil). Results from a national electro- cardiographic survey were presented by Vanize Macedo (NQcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil), by which the most characteristic elec-