High-performance therapeutic quercetin-doped adhesive for adhesive–dentin interfaces

Almost half of dental restorations have failed in less than 10 years, and approximately 60% of practice time has been consumed to replace these dental restorations. As such, contemporary dentin adhesives should be modified to treat secondary caries and prevent the degradation of adhesive–dentin interfaces. To achieve this goal, we developed a versatile therapeutic adhesive in the present study by incorporating quercetin, which is a naturally derived plant extract, into a commercial adhesive at three concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL). An unmodified adhesive served as a control. The antibacterial ability on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, conversion degree, microtensile bond strength, failure modes, in situ zymography, nanoleakage expression and cytotoxicity of quercetin-doped adhesive were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that the quercetin-doped adhesive (500 µg/mL) preserved its bonding properties against collagenase ageing and inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm. Efficient bonding interface sealing ability, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and acceptable biocompatibility were also achieved. Thus, a simple, safe and workable strategy was successfully developed to produce therapeutic adhesives for the extension of the service life of adhesive restorations.