Complicaciones cardiovasculares y sus factores determinantes en pacientes adultos portadores de Enfermedad Renal Crónica / Cardiovascular complications and their risk factors in adult patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objetivo : describir las complicaciones cardiovasculares y sus principales factores determinantes en los pacientes adultos con enfermedad renal cronica del consultorio 10, Policlinico “Adrian Sansaricq” de Artemisa, desde octubre de 2016 hasta abril de 2018. Materiales y Metodos : se realizo un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo. El universo estuvo compuesto por 856 personas. La muestra quedo representada por 214 pacientes. Las variables utilizadas fueron la clasificacion de la Enfermedad Renal Cronica, causa basica, la edad, el sexo, los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, las complicaciones, las comorbilidades y las causas de muerte. La informacion se obtuvo a partir de las historias clinicas individuales. Resultados : predomino la Enfermedad Renal Cronica en mujeres y adultos mayores entre 60-69 anos. Prevalecio el estadio G3a en la clasificacion de dicha enfermedad. Las principales causas basicas fueron la Nefropatia hipertensiva y la diabetica, seguidas por la obstruccion urinaria. Se constato una alta exposicion a los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares con mayor porcentaje de los fumadores y de la presencia de disturbios fosfocalcicos, mayormente en los adultos mayores. La Insuficiencia Cardiaca, las arritmias y la anemia, predominaron como comorbilidades asociadas. Fallecio el 2,8% de los casos investigados, de forma predominante, por causas cardiovasculares y neoplasias. Conclusiones : la Enfermedad Renal Cronica se diagnostico en un elevado porciento de personas, asociada principalmente a la Hipertension Arterial, la diabetes Mellitus y los adultos mayores. ABSTRACT Objective : to describe the cardiovascular complications and their main determining factors in adult patients with chronic kidney disease in the office 10, Polyclinic “Adrian Sansaricq” of Artemis, from October 2016 to April 2018. Materials and Methods : a descriptive, longitudinal prospective study was conducted. The universe was composed of 856 people. The sample was represented by 214 patients. The variables used were the classification of Chronic Kidney Disease, basic cause, age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, complications, comorbidities and causes of death. The information was obtained from the individual medical records. Results : Chronic Kidney Disease predominated in women and older adults between 60-69 years. The G3a stage prevailed in the classification of said disease. The main basic causes were hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy, followed by urinary obstruction. There was a high exposure to cardiovascular risk factors with a higher percentage of smokers and the presence of phosphocalcic disorders, mostly in older adults. Heart Failure, arrhythmias and anemia predominated as associated comorbidities. 2.8% of the cases investigated, predominantly, due to cardiovascular causes and malignancies. Conclusions : Chronic Renal Disease was diagnosed in a high percentage of people, mainly associated with Arterial Hypertension, diabetes Mellitus and the elderly.