Characterization of Gas-Solid Reactions using In Situ Powder X-ray Diffraction

X-ray diffraction is a superior technique for structural char- acterization of crystalline matter. Here we review the use of in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXD) mainly for real-time studies of solid- gas reactions, data analysis and the extraction of valuable knowledge of structural, chemical and physical properties. Furthermore, the dif- fraction data may also provide knowledge on reaction mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamic properties. Thus, in situ PXD simulta- neously provides properties as a function of pressure, temperature and/ or time at different length scales, i.e. nanoscale structural data and bulk