An Hour-ahead Cooperation Model of Virtual Power Plants Considering Uncertainties of Wind/Photovoltaic Power

Virtual power plant (VPP) is a main method of solving grid-integration of distributed generators (DG). This paper proposes an hour-ahead cooperation model of VPPs, including wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, controllable load and energy storage system (ESS), and focuses on hour-ahead cooperative space of VPPs, considering uncertainties of wind and photovoltaic power. In order to obtain the day-ahead results of VPPs, a day-ahead independent scheduling model is built as well. Typical scenarios with probability information are used to describe the uncertainties of wind and photovoltaic output. Roth-Erevalgorithm and clearing mechanism are applied to simulate hour-ahead cooperation process. The case study compares the results before cooperation with that after cooperation, which proves that the cooperation can reduce day-ahead bidding deviations from the actual output and increase profits. Besides, the number of VPPs and the involvement of demand response (DR) and ESS also have an impact on the results, which provides a reference for the cooperation of VPPs in the hour-ahead market.