Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19

RESUMEN Introduccion: La COVID-19 es causada por el nuevo coronavirus que se descubrio en la ciudad de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China a finales de 2019 Objetivo: Describir las caracteristicas clinico-epidemiologicas de la COVID-19 Material y Metodo: Se realizo una revision bibliografica a partir de un total de 33 referencias bibliograficas Se utilizaron articulos e informacion de revistas nacionales e internacionales de las bases de datos OMS, OPS, Infomed Se analizo la calidad, fiabilidad y validez de los articulos seleccionados para realizar una adecuada revision Desarrollo: La transmision del SARS-COV-2 proveniente de una fuente animal a los primeros casos humanos no se ha confirmado La via de transmision entre humanos mas aceptada es de persona a persona por via respiratoria, con un periodo de incubacion de 1 a 14 dias Se presenta en la mayoria de casos con un cuadro clinico correspondiente a una infeccion respiratoria alta autolimitada, con variedad de sintomatologia segun grupos de riesgo, presentando una rapida progresion a una neumonia grave y fallo multiorganico, generalmente fatal en personas de la tercera edad y con presencia de comorbilidades Conclusiones: Estamos en presencia de una pandemia en la que el pilar mas importante para combatirla es la prevencion: tomar las medidas necesarias para detener la transmision, lograr una atencion diferenciada a los grupos de riesgo, realizar todas las acciones pertinentes con el fin de identificar y neutralizar los focos de propagacion y lograr que la poblacion se una al sistema de salud de cada nacion y coopere para combatir esta enfermedad ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is caused by the new coronavirus that was discovered in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in the late 2019 Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 Material and Method: A bibliographic review was made from a total of 33 bibliographic references Articles and information from international organizations such as WHO, PAHO and electronic publications on the topic available from INFOMED were used The quality, reliability and validity of the selected articles were analyzed to carry out an adequate review Development: The transmission of SARS-COV-2 from an animal source to the first human cases has not been confirmed The most accepted route of transmission between humans is from person to person via the respiratory route, with an incubation period between 1 and 14 days In most cases, it presents with a clinical picture corresponding to a self-limited upper respiratory infection with a variety of symptoms according to risk groups, presenting a rapid progression to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure, generally fatal in the elderly and in people with presence of comorbidities Conclusions: We are in the presence of a pandemic in which prevention is the most important means of combating it: to take the necessary measures to stop transmission, to achieve differentiated attention to risk groups, to carry out all relevant actions in order to identify and neutralize the foci of spreading and to get the population to join the health system of each nation and cooperate to combat this disease