A hypothalamus és az autonóm idegrendszer szabályozó mechanizmusaiban részt vevő agypályák topográfiája és neurokémiai karakterizálásuk = Topography and neurochemical characterization of hypothalamic and central autonomic pathways

1. Felterkepeztek a hypothalamus orexin-termelő neuronjainak agytorzsi projekcioit, palyait, valamint elsőkent mutattak ki kapcsolatait az agytorzs valamennyi noradrenalint es adrenalint termelő sejtcsoportjanak neuronjaival. A vizsgalat eredmenye alapvető fontossagu neuromorfologiai adat a taplalekfelvetel, valamint az agyi catecholamine rendszer kapcsolatanak tisztazasara a szervezet energia-haztartasanak szempontjabol. 2. Kulonboző neuroanatomiai es immunhisztokemiai vizsgalatokkal előszor irtak le a korabban ismeretlen medialis paralemniscalis magot patkany, majom es az emberi also agytorzsben. Igazoltak egy specialis peptiderg (TIP39-PTH2 receptor) rendszer jelenletet e mag teruleten. Tisztaztak a magcsoport afferens es efferens neuronalis kapcsolatait es adatot szolgaltattak ezen mag neuronjainak az akusztikus stresszben vitt szereperől. 3. Igazoltak egy limbikus agykeregből leszallo, a gyomor műkodeseben szerepet vivő palya multiszinaptikus jelenletet es topografiajat: infralimbic anterior cingulate cortex - centralis amygdala - paraszimpatikus dorsalis vagus mag - n. vagus palya. 4. Elsőkent irtak le a ""jollakottsag"" erzes (satiety) agypalyajat a gyomor - n. vagus - nucleus tractus solitariii - hypothalamus nucleus dorsomedialis. Igazoltak az ezen palyan beluli szignal transzdukcioban a glucagon-like peptide-1 es a prolactin-releasing hormon neuropeptidek meghatarozo szerepet. | In order to attain major objectives of the project, a number of various neuromorphological techniques have been successfully applied to identify, localize and characterize neuronal pathway that interconnect the hypothalamus and lower brainstem nuclei. The major new findings and observations are the follows: 1) Pathways and lower brainstem projections of hypothalamic orexin-expressing neurons have been verified a mapped topographically. Termination and synaptic contacts of orexin-containing fibers have been demonstrated on adrenaline- and noradrenaline-expressing neurons in each lower brainstem catecholamine cell group indicating the existence of a descending hypothalamic pathway that influence the body energy metabolism by controlling the peripheral catecholamine outflow. 2) The afferent and efferent neuronal connections of the pontine medial paralemniscal nucleus have been first described in the rat, monkey and human brains providing evidence for the hypothalamic connections of this cell group that may participate in acoustic stress response. 3) The description of a multisynaptic pathway between the limbic system and the lower brainstem autonomic centers via hypothalamus and the amygdala has been completed in the present study demonstrating the functional importance of limbic cortical areas on the functional activity of the stomach. 4) The complete neuronal pathway of the “satiety signal” from the stomach to the hypothalamic regulatory center has been first verified by demonstrating of the ascending glucagon-like peptide-1 projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons. This may represent one of the most important link in the mechanism that control the central regulation of food intake.