Sulfur production from smelter off-gas using CO–H2 gas mixture as the reducing agent over modified Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Abstract A series of modified γ-Al 2 O 3 supported iron-based catalysts (M-Fe/γ-Al 2 O 3 ) was developed to reduce SO 2 in actual smelter off-gases using CO–H 2 gas mixture as reducing agent for sulfur production. Used as modifiers, three metal additives — Ni, Co, and Ce were added to Fe/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Changes in catalyst structure and active phase were characterized with X-ray diffraction, XPS, SEM, and EDS. The reduction ability of catalysts was exhibited via CO-TPR. The prepared catalysts only need to be pre-reacted for a period of time, eliminating the need for presulfidation treatment. Reaction conditions were optimized in a fixed bed reactor to achieve high SO 2 conversion and sulfur selectivity. XRD characterization was carried out to verify the resulting sulfur products. Combining in situ infrared characterization and catalyst evaluation of support and active component, the reaction mechanism was investigated and proposed.