Problemas y necesidades relacionados con la salud en personas con discapacidad intelectual
2012
espanolIntroduccion El objetivo del estudio es valorar los problemas y necesidades de Salud en personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual (PADI). Material y Metodo Estudio transversal a traves de un cuestionario de 65 items sobre variables sociodemograficas, estilos de vida, morbilidad aguda/cronica y calidad de vida relacionada con la Salud. Se realizan 265 encuestas por entrevista personal a las personas con discapacidad y sus familias. Resultados Del total, 185 son hombres (69,8%) y 80 son mujeres (30,2%), edad media 35 anos. El 41,5% (IC95%, 41,5±6) refieren que su salud percibida es buena y el 26% (IC95%, 26±5) muy buena. El 59,6% (158) padece enfermedad y el 45,7% (121) recibe tratamiento habitual. Las enfermedades mas frecuentes referidas son: enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurologicas y osteomusculares. El 33% (IC95%, 33,2±6) tiene sobrepeso y el 17% (IC95%, 16,9±4) obesidad. Respecto a la utilizacion de servicios sanitarios, existe una demanda alta del primer nivel asistencial, fundamentalmente consulta medica 29,4% (IC95%, 29,4±5), y una muy baja de consulta al dentista, refieren no haber ido nunca el 19,6% (IC95%, 19,6±5). Conclusion Se evidencia la asociacion de comorbilidad asociada a discapacidad intelectual con una alta prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurologicas y osteomusculares. El factor de riesgo mas importante es el sobrepeso y la obesidad. La demanda de consulta medica es alta y la consulta al dentista es baja; ambas se asocian significativamente al bajo nivel socioeconomico de las familias de los discapacitados. EnglishIntroduction The aim of the study is to value the problems and necessities of Health in people with intellectual disability (PID). Material and Method A transverse study using a 65-item questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, life-style, acute and chronic morbidity and quality-of-life variables related to health. A total of 265 questionnaires were obtained through personal interviews with people with intellectual disability and with their families. Results Of the total, 185 are men (69,8%) and 80 are women (30,2%), mean age 35 years. 41.5% (CI 95%; 41.5±6) of the intellectually handicapped individuals reported that their perceived health was good and 26%(CI 95%; 26±5) stated very good,. 59,6% (158) he/she suffers illness and 45,7% (121) he/she receives habitual treatment. The more frequent illnesses are: cardiovascular, neurological illnesses and osteo-muscular. 33% (IC95%, 33,2±6) he/she has overweight and 17% (IC95%, 16,9±4) obesity. The use of sanitary services, there is a high demand of the first assistance level, fundamentally consultation doctor 29,4% (IC95%, 29,4±5), and a lower demand of consultation to the dentist, they refer to never have gone 19,6% (IC95%, 19,6±5). Conclusion The association co-morbidity and intellectual disability is evidenced with a high prevalencia of cardiovascular, neurological illnesses and osteo-muscular. The risk factor more important is the overweight and the obesity. The demand of consultation doctor is high and the consultation to the dentist is low; both, they associate significantly to the first floor socio-economic level of the families of the intellectual disability
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