Impact of different shape based hybrid nano additives in emulsion fuel for exergetic, energetic, and sustainability analysis of diesel engine

Abstract The energy, exergy, and sustainability analysis of a diesel engine with 5% water in diesel emulsion (5%WiDE) based hybrid nano fuel incorporated with various-shaped i.e., 25ppm cylindrical carbon nanotube (CNT) and 25ppm spherical Al2O3 nano-additives were investigated experimentally. The morphological characteristics of 5%WiDE based Al2O3-CNT fuel have been studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The analysis revealed an increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exergy efficiency, engine sustainability, and exergy destruction rate on engine load, and engine speed. However, the 5%WiDE based Al2O3-CNT hybrid nano fuel showed a 2.86% increase in brake thermal efficiency and a 4.16% increase in exergy efficiency than diesel fuel at 1500 rpm engine speed and 5.6kW engine load. Also, the energy, exergy, and sustainability parameters of the engine have been improved. Furthermore, the highest exergy based sustainability of the diesel engine has been observed at full engine load and 2000 rpm engine speed. The exergy destruction rate of the diesel engine with a 5%WiDE based Al2O3-CNT hybrid nano fuel has a 3.14% higher value than the diesel fuel. The experimental results conclude that the application of nano additive in water in diesel emulsion fuel improves the energy, exergy performance parameters, and the sustainability of the engine. Therefore, 5%WiDE based Al2O3-CNT hybrid nano fuel has a high potential to be an alternate conventional fuel for diesel engines without any design modification.