Cardiovascular Biomarker Assessment Across Glycemic Status

The current state of cardiovascular biomarkers to aid the risk stratification and cardiovascular disease management of patients with diabetes mellitus is inadequate. Despite its role in assessing microvascular diseases, decades of research on the utility of glycated hemoglobin as a guide for assessing macrovascular risk has not achieved the expected results. In this chapter, we review current research on five clinically available serum biomarkers: C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, cardiac troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and albuminuria. We will briefly summarize the biomarkers’ prognostic ability for adverse outcomes, utility in marker-guided therapeutics, and capacity to provide additional cardiovascular risk information for diabetes patients. Finally, we discuss the benefits of utilizing multiple biomarkers to further aid risk assessment in patients across glycemic status.