Optimal Base Station Location for Network Lifetime Maximization in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks have attracted worldwide attention in recent years. The failure of the nodes is caused by unequal energy dissipation. The reasons that cause unequal energy dissipation are, first and foremost, the distance between the nodes and the base station, and secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. In wireless sensor networks, the location of the base station has a substantial impact on the network’s lifetime effectiveness. An improved genetic algorithm based on the crossover elitist conservation genetic algorithm (CECGA) is proposed to optimize the base station location, while for clustering, the K-medoids clustering (KMC) algorithm is used to determine optimal medoids among sensor nodes for choosing the appropriate cluster head. The idea is to decrease the communication distance between nodes and the cluster heads as well as the distance among nodes. For data routing, a multi-hop technique is used to transmit data from the nodes to the cluster head. Implementing an evolutionary algorithm for this optimization problem simplifies the problem with improved computational efficiency. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm performed better than compared algorithms by reducing the energy use of the network, which results in increasing the lifetime of the nodes, thereby improving the whole network.