Consumo alimentar e balanço de nitrogênio de fisiculturistas em Cuité, Paraíba, Brasil

Background: Sports nutrition has grown substantially. Considering that as compared to sedentary or moderately active individuals, athletes have distinct nutritional requirements, it is important to reflect on the adequacy of food intake as compared to the established recommendations. Thus, the present study evaluated food consumption and nitrogen balance in bodybuilders’ from Cuite-Paraiba, aiming to learn their food and nutritional profiles. Methods: Data were collected using structured questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recalls. Anthropometric evaluations were performed. The analyses were performed on Avanutri®. For both urea determination and nitrogen balance calculations, twenty-four (24) hour urine processing was also performed. Results: The sample consisted of 6 amateur bodybuilders, with a mean age of 22.83 ± 4.53 (standard deviation), weight 72.37 ± 14.34 kg, height 1.68 ± 0.10 meters, and fat percentage of 11.81 ± 2.84%. The majority (5 athletes) was in the hypertrophy period (off-session), and 1 athlete was in definition (pre-contest). The food consumption results indicated that according to established recommendations for the sports modality, the athletes (with high intake of protein, and low carbohydrate consumption) were practicing inadequate eating habits. Testing showed that zinc, and vitamins D, B1, B2, and B6 intake was adequate. It was also observed that 66.67% (n = 4) used dietary supplements. The mean nitrogen balance was 19.15 ± 22.09. Conclusion: The bodybuilders’ diets were hyper-proteic, normo-lipid and hypo-glycemic; being inadequate in magnesium, iron, sodium and vitamins A, B3, C and E. The positive nitrogen balance found for the athletes correlated to their high protein intakes. RESUMO Consumo alimentar e balanco de nitrogenio de fisiculturistas em Cuite, Paraiba, Brasil Objetivos: avaliar o consumo alimentar e o balanco nitrogenado de fisiculturistas da cidade de Cuite-Paraiba, visando conhecer o perfil alimentar e nutricional. Metodos: Para coleta dos dados foram aplicados questionarios estruturados, recordatorios alimentares de 24 horas e realizada avaliacao antropometrica. As analises foram feitas no Avanutri®. O processamento da urina de 24 horas para determinacao da ureia e calculo do balanco nitrogenado tambem foi realizado. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 6 atletas amadores do fisiculturismo, com medias de idade de 22,83 ± 4,53 anos (desvio-padrao), peso de 72,37 ± 14,34 Kg, altura de 1,68 ± 0,10 metros e percentual de gordura de 11,81 ± 2,84 %. A maioria (5 atletas) encontrava-se em periodo de hipertrofia ( off-session ) e 1 em periodo de definicao ( pre-contest ). Os resultados do consumo alimentar indicaram que os habitos alimentares dos atletas encontram-se inadequados frente as recomendacoes estabelecidas para a modalidade esportiva, com ingestao elevada de proteina com baixo consumo de carboidratos. Quanto aos micronutrientes, contatou-se que o zinco e as vitaminas D, B1, B2, B6, encontravam-se adequadas. Observou-se ainda que 66,67% (n=4) dos entrevistados fazem uso de suplementos alimentares. O balanco nitrogenado foi de 19,15 ± 22,09. Conclusao: A dieta dos fisiculturistas estava hiperproteica, normolipidica e hipoglicidica, com inadequacao de magnesio, ferro, sodio e das vitaminas A, B3, C e E. O balanco nitrogenado positivo dos atletas acompanhou o alto consumo de proteinas.