The Genetics and Epigenetics of Colorectal Cancer Health Disparity

Out of all the malignancies known to afflict the human population, colorectal cancer has been characterized as a health disparity disease. In addition to a genetic and familial predisposition, the disparities observed in colorectal cancer are governed by societal economics, and availability of health care and preventive measures. In this chapter, we focus on the health disparities of colon cancer as it relates to genes that are specifically altered in populations and largely contribute to the disease. Epigenetic alterations, currently known modifiers of gene expression which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, will be discussed in the chapter. The epigenetic markers in conjunction with altered genes as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease will also be covered.