The Emirates Exploration Imager (EXI) Instrument on the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) Hope Mission

The Emirates Exploration Imager (EXI) on-board the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) offers both regional and global imaging capabilities for studies of the Martian atmosphere. EXI is a framing camera with a field-of-view (FOV) that will easily capture the martian disk at the EMM science orbit periapsis. EXI provides 6 bandpasses nominally centered on 220, 260, 320, 437, 546, 635 nm using two telescopes (ultraviolet (UV) and visible(VIS)) with separate optics and detectors. Images of the full-disk are acquired with a resolution of 2–4 km per pixel, where the variation is driven by periapsis and apoapsis points of the orbit, respectively. By combining multiple observations within an orbit with planetary rotation, EXI is able to provide diurnal sampling over most of the planet on the scale of 10 days. As a result, the EXI dataset allows for the delineation of diurnal and seasonal timescales in the behavior of atmospheric constituents such as water ice clouds and ozone. This combination of temporal and spatial distinguishes EXI from somewhat similar imaging systems, including the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) (Malin et al. in Icarus 194(2):501–512, 2008) and the various cameras on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST; e.g., James et al. in J. Geophys. Res. 101(E8):18,883–18,890, 1996; Wolff et al. in J. Geophys. Res. 104(E4):9027–9042, 1999). The former, which has comparable spatial and spectral coverage, possesses a limited local time view (e.g., mid-afternoon). The latter, which provides full-disk imaging, has limited spatial resolution through most of the Martian year and is only able to provide (at most) a few observations per year given its role as a dedicated, queue-based astrophysical observatory. In addition to these unique attributes of the EXI observations, the similarities with other missions allows for the leveraging of both past and concurrent observations. For example, with MARCI, one can build on the ∼6 Mars years of daily global UV images as well as those taken concurrently with EXI.