Thermoelectric imaging of structural disorder in epitaxial graphene

Heat is a form of energy that is transported from a hot to a cold region, but it is not a notion that is associated with the microscopic measurement of electronic properties. It is now shown that local thermoelectric measurements can be used for imaging structural disorder in graphene, with high sensitivity, on the atomic and nanometre scales, uncovering soliton-like domain-wall line-patterns separating different graphene regions.