Thinking scientifically: Understanding measurement and errors

Thinking scientifically consists of systematic observation, experiment, measurement, and the testing and modification of research questions. In effect, science is about measurement and the understanding of causation. Measurement is an integral part of science and engineering, and has pertinent implications for the human sciences. No measurement is 100% accurate as all measurements have inherent errors and uncertainties which must be reduced by first their recognition, then the improvement of techniques and ideas, and then finally evaluated to establish the validity of the results.