Corrélation entre le taux sanguin de la 25(OH)D et les crises vaso-occlusives chez les enfants drépanocytaires SS au CME /FCB

RESUMEIntroduction. Malgre un fort ensoleillement, la carence en vitamine D reste un probleme de sante publique en Afrique subsaharienne ou predomine la drepanocytose. L’objectif de l’etude etait de rechercher une correlation entre le taux serique de la Vitamine D (25(OH)D) et les crises vaso-occlusives (CVO) chez les enfants drepanocytaires suivis au CME/FCB. Methodes. Entre octobre 2019 et septembre 2020, une etude transversale analytique a ete realise chez des enfants drepanocytaires SS de 3 a 18 ans au CME/FCB. Les donnees etaient collectees a l’aide d’un questionnaire et le dosage de la vitamine D etait fait. Les donnees ont ete analysees a l’aide du logiciel R version 3.6.1. La correlation etait etablie a l’aide du coefficient de correlation de Pearson avec verification des conditions de validite du modele d’ANOVA. Le seuil de significativite etait a 5%. Resultats. Le taux de 25(OH)D etait bas chez 83,7% des patients, soit 61,1% une carence et 22,6% une insuffisance. Sur les deux dernieres annees, 98% avaient eu les CVO allant de moderee a severe ; 66% avaient ete hospitalises et 81% avaient ete transfuses. Le nombre eleve de CVO etait associe a un faible taux de 25(OH)D (Cor=-0,51, p<0.001***) ; l’intensite elevee des CVO etaient correles a un taux de 25(OH)D bas (Cor=-0,33 p=0,02673). Conclusion. La majorite des enfants drepanocytaires suivi au CME/FCB avait un taux serique de 25(OH)D bas. Le nombre et l’intensite eleves des CVO etaient associes a un taux sanguin bas de 25(OH)D d’ou la necessite d’une supplementation. ABSTRACTBackground. Despite high sunshine levels, vitamin D deficiency remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa where sickle cell disease predominates. The objective of the study was to investigate correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOCs) in sickle cell disease children followed at the CME/FCB. Methods: Between October 2019 and September 2020, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 43 children with sickle cell disease SS aged 3-18 years at the CME/FCB. Data were collected using a questionnaire and vitamin D measurement was performed. Data were analyzed using R version 3.6.1 software. Correlation was established using Pearson's correlation coefficient with verification of the validity conditions of the ANOVA model. The significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: The 25(OH)D level was low in 83,7% of the patients, 61,1% deficiency and 22,6% insufficiency. Over the last two years, 98% had moderate to severe VOCs; 66% had been hospitalized and 81% had received transfusions. High number of VOCs was associated with low 25(OH)D (Cor=-0.51, p<0.001***); high intensity of VOCs was correlated with low 25(OH)D level (Cor=-0.33 p=0.02673). Conclusion. Most children with sickle cell disease followed up at the CME/FCB had low 25(OH)D serum levels. The high number and intensity of VOCs was associated with low 25(OH)D serum levels, hence the need for supplementation.