Assessment of COL1A1 and MMP9 expression in patients with dermatochalasis.

PURPOSE: Dermatochalasis is a clinical condition characterized by loss of elasticity of eyelid skin and soft tissue, which typically affects the elderly population. The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA expression levels of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) genes in dermatochalasis tissue. METHODS: The study group consisted of 15 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty and were above 40 years old. The patients in our control group were divided into two subgroups according to their ages. Fourteen patients who were under 40 years old and had anterior blepharoptosis surgery for blepharoptosis were designed as the young control group. Sixteen patients who were older than 40 years old and had anterior blepharoptosis surgery for blepharoptosis were designed as the old control group. The patients in the dermatochalasis group were also evaluated according to their smoking status. Surgical tissue specimens were analyzed for COL1A1 and MMP9 mRNA gene expression levels by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: COL1A1 and MMP9 mRNA gene expression levels were not statistically different between the groups (p = 0.247; p = 0.052, respectively). When compared in means of the smoking habit, smokers in the dermatochalasis group exhibited higher COL1A1 mRNA expression levels when compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.008). MMP9 gene expression levels of smokers exhibited almost statistically higher levels but at the limit when compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents a preliminary study to detect the tissue changes at a molecular level in dermatochalasis, which is known to be related to connective tissue pathology. Collagen and MMPs are essential components of the extracellular matrix, and smoking might affect their gene expression. Further prospective studies on these regulatory genes and encoded protein levels with a larger group of patients may provide particular contribution to explaining the pathophysiology of dermatochalasis.