Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: Immediate and Late Results

We analyzed the clinical, angiographic, and late intravascular ultrasonographic findings from 140 patients whose in-stent restenosis was treated with sirolimus-eluting stents. In-stent restenosis remains the main limitation to percutaneous coronary revascularization and has a high recurrence rate after bare stent implantation. From May 2002 through July 2003, we studied 140 patients with clinical restenosis after bare-stent treatment. In 107 patients, in-stent restenosis occurred de novo; in 28 patients, this was the 2nd restenosis; and in another 5, it was the 3rd occurrence. A sirolimus-eluting stent was implanted directly after angiographic evaluation of the in-stent restenosis in 79 patients and after pre-dilation in 61 patients. All patients were given the following antithrombotic regimen: low-molecular-weight heparin, ticlopidine, and aspirin for 1 month, followed by clopidogrel and aspirin for 1 year. Primary success was achieved in 137 patients. Three patients had a non-Q wave myocardial infarction. At the 1-month evaluation, 2 patients had died: 1 due to subacute stent thrombosis and another due to acute mesenteric ischemia. After a mean follow-up of 16 ± 4 months, the major adverse cardiac events were acute myocardial infarction due to late stent thrombosis in 2 patients and the need for target lesion revascularization in 15 patients. Late angiographic evaluation was performed in 97 patients (69%), 16 of whom had new restenosis: 14 of the restenoses were intrastent, and 2 were at the edges of the stent. Our results suggest that sirolimus-eluting stents are effective in the prevention of in-stent restenosis and, therefore, may become the leading treatment alternative for patients with in-stent restenosis.