Associations Between Metabolic Profiles and Target-Organ Damage in Chinese Individuals With Primary Aldosteronism

Purpose: Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have an increased risk of target-organ damage (TOD), but whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is more prevalent and contributes to TOD in PA patients remains unresolved. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MetS profiles and TOD in Chinese PA individuals. Methods: Metabolic parameters and preclinical TOD including left ventricular hypertrophy, estimated glomerular filtration, and microalbuminuria; insulin sensitivity or resistance, and islet β-cell function assessed by the homeostasis models (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β) and the other surrogate indexes (composite ISI, MBCI) determined from the oral glucose tolerance test were compared in PA versus matched essential hypertension (EH) patients. Results: A total of 109 PA patients and 109 EH controls individually matched for sex, age, and office systolic blood pressure and duration of hypertension were studied. The prevalence of MetS and its individual components in PA was significantly lower than in EH (MetS: 28 [25.6%] vs. 54 [49.5%], P<0.001). PA patients had a higher composite ISI but a lower HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, MBCI than EH controls (all P<0.05). Concerning TOD, PA patients had significantly higher prevalence of microalbuminuria and LVH, and lower levels of eGFR than EH controls (all P<0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender and elevated plasma aldosterone levels were significantly associated with TOD in PA. However, there were no significant associations between MetS, or its individual components and TOD in PA patients. Conclusions: PA patients had a lower MetS prevalence, but exhibited more severe TOD than matched EH controls. The study highlights the deleterious effects of aldosterone excess on the development of TOD; whereas, MetS or its individual components might be less influential in PA.