Host–Pathogen–Trichoderma Interaction

On our planet, the customary agricultural operations are influenced by different issues (i.e., disease, pests, drought, diminished soil fertility) because of the utilization of hazardous chemical pesticides, pollution, and climate change. Among these, the fungal genus Trichoderma carries out noteworthy activity in controlling plant maladies. Trichoderma spp. are the best biocontrol agents, as more than 60% of the enlisted biofungicides utilized in present agribusinesses are based on Trichoderma. Plant–Trichoderma–pathogen is a complex community having multiple mechanisms. Proteome and genome examinations have greatly upgraded the capacity for comprehensive and genome-based useful investigations as they have identified and determined the role of a variety of novel genes and gene products, including ABC transporters, enzymes, and various proteins that produce novel elicitors of induced resistance, proteins responsible for a gene-for-gene avirulent interaction between Trichoderma spp. and plants, antagonism-related genes, and plant proteins specifically induced by Trichoderma, but there remains much more to be learned than has already been discovered. Recent methodologies based on molecular science can easily identify, clone, sequence, and express the activity of the genes and can observe their capacities and function in the biocontrol system. Herein we present the comprehensive genetics of interactions of Trichoderma with plants and phytopathogens and their role through different modes of action. The aforementioned variables are required to enhance their efficiency and applications and also demonstrate the possibilities for development of strains of Trichoderma.