Method for preparing dichloropropanol by catalyzing chlorination of glycerol through ionic liquids

The invention discloses a method for preparing dichloropropanol by catalyzing chlorination of glycerol through ionic liquid, and belongs to the field of ionic liquid application. The method includes adopting hydrogen chloride gas as a chlorinating agent, adopting acidic imidazolyl ionic liquids such as (BMIM) (HSO4), (BMIM) (H2PO4) and (BMIM) (CnH2n +1 COO) (n = 0,1,2) as a catalyst, and catalyzing chlorination of toluene to prepare the dichloropropanol. The method has the advantages of simple process, high raw material converting rate, good product selectivity, low reaction pressure and easily-controlled reaction conditions; since the acidic imidazolyl ionic liquids are adopted as the catalyst, the acidic imidazolyl ionic liquids are consumed rarely, good in catalytic activity, less in by-products, and easy to recover and reuse.