Bayesian Nonparametrics and Biostatistics: The Case of PET Imaging

: Biostatistic applications often require to collect and analyze a massive amount of data. Hence, it has become necessary to consider new statistical paradigms that perform well in characterizing complex data. Nonparametric Bayesian methods provide a widely used framework that offers the key advantages of a fully model-based probabilistic framework, while being highly flexible and adaptable. The goal of this paper is to provide a motivation of Bayesian nonparametrics (BNP) through a particular biomedical application, namely Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging reconstruction.